The article is devoted to the study of a language and culture of the people’s deep connections. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to study the mutual influence of language and culture on the material of the Chinese language, because the modern process of globalization leads to the fact that the peoples of different countries cooperate with China in many areas. Collaboration implies communication based on mutual respect and understanding. This requires knowledge of the culture of the country and the characteristics of its language. The purpose of this work is to study the specifics of the semantics of culturally-marked linguistic units of different levels, especially set expressions, as a repository of knowledge about the cultural heritage of the Chinese people. The main problem of the scientific work is to identify the key linguistic and culturological features of linguistic means, in the semantics of which the cultural connotation is contained. During the research, the method of content analysis is used, which allows to analyze the structure of the linguistic units’ semantics and to identify the emergence of new connotative semes. As a result of the study, it was found out that culturally-labeled linguistic units constitute an important part of the native speakers’ linguistic picture of the world. It is the analysis of culturally-marked linguistic units of different levels that helps to penetrate the culture of China and comprehend some of the values of the Chinese people. The study of the theoretical works of Chinese cultural linguists makes it possible to briefly describe the scientific ideas prevalent in the scientific environment of China and establish the fact that Chinese scientists are actively working on the issues of the dependence of language development on cultural factors.